This Week in Fiction

Emma Cline on Rendering the Human Experience

艾玛·克莱恩谈如何呈现人的经验
The author discusses her story “The Blight.”
作者谈她的短篇小说《枯萎》。
August 9, 2026
A photo of Emma Cline in red. The background has some cursive writing on a green background.
Illustration by The New Yorker; Source photograph by Caroline Tompkins

In your story “The Blight,” David Hastings, a semi-retired executive who is grappling with the onset of dementia and travelling to Switzerland for a voluntary assisted death, stops off in London to have dinner with his daughter. What made you want to inhabit the consciousness of a character in this situation?

在你的小说《枯萎》中,半退休的高管大卫·黑斯廷斯正艰难应对早期失智症,准备前往瑞士接受自愿协助死亡,途中在伦敦停留,与女儿共进晚餐。是什么让你想进入这样一个处境中的人物的意识?

As a writer, I’m always interested in consciousness, and how to render our experience as humans on the page. With David more specifically, I was interested in how his consciousness might be shaped by the knowledge that, very soon, on a specific day and time, he will die. How can anyone really take in the enormity of that? Yet David has to, somehow, and, in the meantime, the days keep coming and he still has to decide what to eat for breakfast. That unimaginable position really drew me in. The fragmentation of dementia sometimes makes David’s consciousness more sharply attuned to things, while entire other swaths of life fall away. What remains of our living? What of ourselves stays with us? These are questions that I struggle with as a mortal person, that I think all of us have to contend with in some way. We have a lot of systems to keep our eventual end out of our awareness—and thank God, because the awareness would be paralyzing. But David has to look into that void, if only in brief flares.

作为写作者,我一直对人的意识很着迷,着迷于如何在纸页上呈现我们作为人的经验。具体到大卫,我感兴趣的是,当他知道自己很快——在一个确定的日期和时间——就会死去,这种认知会如何塑造他的意识。一个人怎么可能真正消化这件事的巨大分量?但大卫不得不去消化,而与此同时,日子一天天照常到来,他仍然得决定早餐吃什么。这种难以想象的处境深深吸引了我。失智症带来的意识碎片化,有时让大卫对某些事物更加敏锐,而生活的其他大片区域则随之剥落。我们的生命中到底剩下什么?我们自身又有哪些部分会留存下来?作为一个终有一死的人,我一直在与这些问题搏斗,我想我们每个人或多或少都得面对它们。我们有很多机制来把终将到来的结局挡在意识之外——谢天谢地,因为这种意识会让人彻底瘫痪。但大卫不得不凝视那片虚空,哪怕只是短暂的几次。

Like some of your other protagonists, David isn’t an entirely sympathetic character. When you fictionalized a few days in the life of Harvey Weinstein, in your story “White Noise,” in 2020, you said that you were interested in exploring his “moments of humanity, the banality and self-delusion, the recognizable foibles.” Did you have a similar impetus with David?

和你笔下的其他一些主角一样,大卫并不是一个完全令人同情的人物。2020年,你在小说《白噪音》中虚构了哈维·韦恩斯坦生命中的几天,当时你说,你感兴趣的是探索他“人性的瞬间、平庸与自我欺骗、那些可以辨认的弱点”。写大卫时,你是否有类似的出发点?

David is a pretty mild case, compared to my Harvey character. Maybe it’s funny with Harvey in particular, but in general, with writing, I don’t think in terms of sympathy. With David, I want to show the fullness of this person, who, like most of us, has probably failed at relationships, caused harm, let people down. But who has also just been a specific person, David, with all his particular references and experiences, and who, when he departs, will take with him the totality of David. “I am a human being, and nothing human is alien to me” (I had to look up the exact line, from a play I’ve never read, but I’ve always liked the sound of it): that’s something I feel strongly about as a writer—taking it as an absolute that every person who has ever lived has had a human consciousness that is not unlike mine. So I guess there’s no person who doesn’t have my “sympathy,” in the sense that I think their experience is of a piece with the human experience.

跟我笔下的哈维相比,大卫算是相当温和的例子了。也许哈维这个人物比较特殊,但总的来说,在写作中,我不会从“同情”的角度去思考。对于大卫,我想呈现这个人的全部面貌,他和我们大多数人一样,大概在人际关系中失败过,造成过伤害,让人失望过。但他也只是一个具体的人,大卫,带着他所有独特的参照系和经历,当他离开时,他会把大卫的全部一起带走。“我是人,凡是人所固有的,我无不具有”(我查了一下这句原话,出自一部我从未读过的剧作,但我一直喜欢它的音调):作为写作者,这是我感受很深的一点——把它当作一个绝对的前提:每一个活过的人,都拥有一个与我的意识并无本质不同的人类意识。所以我想,没有哪个人不拥有我的“同情”,在这个意义上,我认为他们的经验与人类的普遍经验是一体的。

David hasn’t been the best possible father to Rebecca, and he knows it. Does his cognitive decline, ironically, allow him to see that more clearly than he did when he was healthy?

大卫对女儿丽贝卡来说,并不是一个最好的父亲,他自己也知道这一点。具有讽刺意味的是,他的认知衰退是否反而让他比健康时看得更清楚?

Moments of vulnerability or terror can maybe make people more aware of those around them. Facing your own peril can force you to look at the networks of intimacy and support that you have, or don’t have; and maybe the deficits in those networks or relationships can become more concerning to you. But it’s possible that you don’t get as much clarity or revelation as you might want. For David, I think there’s this desire to have a “reckoning,” a teleologically satisfying experience of accounting for his life and actions. But that tidy feeling eludes him. All the tools he has used to keep himself busy and prop up his idea of who David Hastings is have fallen away, and he’s left blinking and looking around at what remains.

脆弱或恐惧的时刻,或许会让人对身边的人更加敏感。面对自身的危险,会迫使你去审视自己所拥有或缺失的亲密与支持网络;而这些网络或关系中的缺陷,可能会变得更加令你忧虑。但你也可能得不到自己想要的那么多清晰或顿悟。对大卫来说,他有一种渴望,想要一次“清算”,一种为自己的生活和行为做出交代的、目的论意义上的满足体验。但这种整洁的感受却始终抓不住。他用来让自己保持忙碌、支撑“大卫·黑斯廷斯是谁”这一自我认知的所有工具都已剥落,他只能眨着眼,环顾四周,看着剩下的东西。

We see the dinner through David’s eyes. Rebecca seems nervous, on edge, unsure how to communicate with him. Do you think that her take on the meal would be different from what he imagines her experience to be?

我们透过大卫的眼睛来看这顿晚餐。丽贝卡显得紧张、不安,不知道该怎么和他交流。你觉得她对这顿饭的感受,会和他想象中她的体验有所不同吗?

Who can ever know for sure what another is experiencing? Whatever David imagines is, of course, just his imagining. She brings her own little universe to the dinner, in the same way that David does, and these universes intersect but don’t really illuminate each other in any helpful way. Or maybe there are flashes of it—of genuine understanding—but those are rare. That distance—the difficulty of truly making contact with another person from the limits of the self—interests me as a writer. David is especially marooned, a man of a certain generation in a culture that’s rapidly slipping into illegibility for him.

谁能真正知道另一个人在经历什么?大卫所想象的,当然只是他的想象。她带着自己的小宇宙来赴宴,就像大卫也带着他的,这些宇宙彼此交会,却并不能以任何有益的方式真正照亮对方。或许偶尔会有一些闪现——真正理解的闪现——但那很罕见。这种距离——从自我的局限出发,真正触及另一个人的困难——是我作为写作者很感兴趣的东西。大卫尤其孤立无援,他是一个特定年代的男人,身处一个对他来说正迅速变得难以理解的文化之中。

The story is adapted from part of your forthcoming novel, “Switzy,” which gives the full arc of David’s journey to Zurich and his experience there. How did you prepare to write the book? Was there a lot of research involved?

这篇小说改编自你即将出版的长篇小说《斯维茨》的一部分,那本书完整呈现了大卫前往苏黎世的旅程以及他在那里的经历。你是如何为写这本书做准备的?是否涉及大量调研?

I did a lot of reading of all kinds, and watched interviews and documentaries, both about navigating dementia and about medically assisted dying. I wanted to know concrete things, like the layout of the clinic room, what art is on the walls, what the parking lot looks like. I tried to poke around other corners, too: to write about David’s life and career, I looked at boarding-school yearbooks from the sixties and tax-planning forums; and I read broadly, from Ernest Becker’s “The Denial of Death” to Rilke’s “Duino Elegies.” I liked watching videos of Sheldon Solomon, one of the psychologists who developed terror-management theory, whose amazing Hang Ten affect softens all the terror.

我做了大量的各类阅读,看了很多访谈和纪录片,既有关于如何应对失智症的,也有关于医疗辅助死亡的。我想知道一些具体的东西,比如诊所房间的布局、墙上挂着什么画、停车场长什么样。我也试着去探索其他角落:为了写大卫的生活和职业生涯,我查阅了六十年代的寄宿学校年鉴和税务规划论坛;我还广泛阅读,从欧内斯特·贝克尔的《拒斥死亡》到里尔克的《杜伊诺哀歌》。我喜欢看谢尔顿·所罗门的视频,他是提出恐惧管理理论的心理学家之一,他那令人惊叹的“浪尖”做派,柔化了所有的恐惧。

I travelled to London and Zurich with no real plan except to walk around. Some details I knew immediately I’d use in the novel, and other things jumped into focus as I was writing, and were nice surprises. The entire trip was worth it to me for this one thing alone, which I probably wouldn’t have found in any book: on the road to the Zurich Airport, there are these highway signs that say “AUSFAHRT,” meaning “exit.” That detail clicked into the novel in a great way for me, as did countless other little sights and encounters, which all started to form a world for David in my mind. ♦

我去了伦敦和苏黎世,没什么具体计划,只是到处走走。有些细节我立刻就知道会用在小说里,而另一些东西则是在写作过程中突然聚焦,成为美妙的惊喜。整趟旅行对我来说,光为这一件事就值了,而这可能是我在任何书里都找不到的:在通往苏黎世机场的路上,有一些写着“AUSFAHRT”的高速公路标志,意思是“出口”。这个细节以一种绝妙的方式嵌入了我的小说,还有无数其他的小景观和小遭遇,它们一起开始在我的脑海中为大卫构筑起一个世界。 ♦

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