This Week in Fiction

Fiction by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, in English for the First Time

小说:亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴作品,首次以英文面世
A conversation with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s son Ignat Solzhenitsyn.
与亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴之子伊格纳特·索尔仁尼琴的对话。
September 27, 2026
Alexander Solzhenitsyn with a collage treatment.
Source photograph from Bettmann / Getty

The story “Narrow Escape” is excerpted from Solzhenitsyn’s unfinished novel “Love the Revolution,” most of which was written in 1948, though it wasn’t published in Russia until 1999, and is only now forthcoming in an English translation. Can you tell me what you know about the writing of the book, why it was never finished, and why it was finally published in 1999? Was your father involved with that publication? Do you know what he thought of the novel from that distance?

《死里逃生》这篇故事摘自索尔仁尼琴未完成的小说《爱革命吧》,大部分写于1948年,但直到1999年才在俄罗斯出版,英文译本如今才即将问世。关于这本书的写作,你能谈谈你所了解的情况吗?它为什么没有写完?又为什么直到1999年才最终出版?你父亲参与了那次出版吗?时隔那么久,你知道他对这部小说有什么看法?

The book was begun in 1948, in the relative comfort of a sharashka, a prison research laboratory, where Solzhenitsyn—who had been sentenced to eight years in labor camps for criticizing Stalin in a private letter—had been temporarily moved. There he had access to pen and paper, and was able to write without the very act arousing immediate suspicion. He had not yet completed the novel when he was abruptly sent back to the labor camps. Although his manuscript miraculously survived, by the time it was restored to him, ten years later, too much time had passed and he was too different a man—and writer—to pick up its thread. In 1987, he would reflect upon this novel, “It’s not a very productive task, editing your own old work when you’re not able, indeed aren’t even trying, to start rewriting it as you would today. Let it stay as it is, early and unfinished.” And, in 1999, in that same state of mind, Solzhenitsyn prefaced the first Russian edition of his early works from his years of incarceration—including “Love the Revolution”—by declaring, “During that time they were my air and my life. They helped me to withstand. Gently and unassumingly, they lay dormant for forty-five years. Now that I’ve passed age eighty, I deemed it time to publish them.”

这本书动笔于1948年,地点是在沙拉什卡——一座监狱研究实验室,条件相对舒适。索尔仁尼琴因在私人信件中批评斯大林而被判八年劳改营刑期,当时被临时转移到了那里。在那儿,他有笔有纸可用,写作这个行为本身不会立刻引起怀疑。小说还没写完,他就被突然送回劳改营。虽然手稿奇迹般地保存了下来,但等到十年后重新回到他手中时,时间已经过去太久,他这个人——以及作为作家的他——变化太大,已经接不上原来的思路了。1987年,他曾这样回顾这部小说:“修改自己的旧作并不是一件很有成效的事,尤其是当你没有能力、甚至根本不想尝试按今天的方式重写它的时候。就让它保持原样吧,早期的、未完成的。”1999年,索尔仁尼琴怀着同样的心境,为他狱中岁月早期作品的首个俄文版——包括《爱革命吧》——撰写了前言,他写道:“在那段岁月里,它们是我的空气,我的生命。它们帮助我挺了过来。它们温和而谦逊地沉睡了四十五年。如今我已年过八十,我认为是时候将它们出版了。”

The novel has been referred to as autobiographical. Should we see a lot of your father in the hero of “Narrow Escape,” Gleb Nerzhin?

这部小说被称为自传体作品。我们是否应该在《死里逃生》的主人公格列布·涅尔任身上看到很多你父亲的影子?

Oh, yes! While allowing for the proper pliability inherent in an author’s conjuring of a fictional hero, Nerzhin is most certainly, and very closely, modelled on the bookishly brilliant but streetwise-foolish true believer and inhaler of the “Marxist mist” that my father undoubtedly was on the cusp of the Second World War.

哦,当然!虽然要考虑到作者虚构主人公时固有的适当变形,但涅尔任无疑非常贴近地以我父亲为原型——那个书生气十足、才华横溢,却在人情世故上愚钝天真、吸入了“马克思主义迷雾”的真诚信徒,二战前夕的他毫无疑问就是这样的人。

The story, which is set in Rostov-on-Don in the summer of 1941, begins shortly after Stalin’s July 3rd radio address, in which he called for “a ruthless fight against all disorganizers of the rear, deserters, panic-mongers, and rumor-spreaders” and announced that “all who by their panic-mongering and cowardice hinder the work of defense, no matter who they may be, must be immediately hauled before a military tribunal.” Why does Gleb discount the power of those words and feel himself invulnerable?

这个故事发生在1941年夏天的顿河畔罗斯托夫,开篇不久即是斯大林7月3日的广播讲话。他在讲话中号召“对一切后方破坏分子、逃兵、恐慌制造者和谣言散布者进行无情斗争”,并宣布“凡以恐慌和怯懦妨碍国防工作者,无论何人,必须立即送交军事法庭”。为什么格列布低估了这些话的力量,觉得自己不会受到伤害?

He doesn’t discount those words—he simply fails to connect them to actuality, and particularly to his own life. Earlier in the first chapter of “Love the Revolution,” from which this episode is drawn, Gleb listens “with gloomy approval,” on the very first day of the war, to a whole string of such decrees being transmitted over the radio. Yet, only a few weeks later, he is incredulous when his seemingly innocuous efforts to win a favorable place in a bread queue result in his being charged with what suddenly amounts to major crimes against the state. It is a microcosm of the delusions of his world view, of the mismatch between the theory of the “Vanguard Doctrine” and the “inadmissible” reality of life under Communism.

他并没有低估那些话——他只是没能把它们和现实联系起来,尤其是和他自己的生活联系起来。在《爱革命吧》第一章的较早部分——也就是本篇故事的出处——战争爆发的第一天,格列布听着收音机里接连播送的一整串此类法令,心中怀有“阴郁的赞同”。然而仅仅几周之后,当他那些看似无害的、为了在面包队列中占个好位置而做的努力,竟导致他被控犯下突然升级为危害国家的重罪时,他感到难以置信。这是他世界观中种种幻象的一个缩影,是“先锋队学说”的理论与共产主义之下“不可接受”的现实之间的错位。

“Narrow Escape” is, in a sense, a loss-of-innocence story: this twenty-three-year-old believes that he can prevail by being reasonable—which is no longer a reasonable belief. Do you think that your father, six years older than Gleb, incarcerated, and soon to be sent into very difficult conditions, was looking back regretfully at his own mistakes?

从某种意义上说,《死里逃生》是一个失去天真的故事:这个二十三岁的年轻人相信,只要讲道理就能赢——而这本身已经不再是一个合理的信念。你觉得你父亲——比格列布大六岁,身陷囹圄,而且很快就要被送入极其艰苦的环境——是在悔恨地回望自己的错误吗?

It’s more that Gleb’s blindness to the ruthless truths of the Soviet experience sets up the predictable actual outcome in my father’s life: he’d only just missed being “squashed to a pulp” by the revolutionary wheel—but hadn’t understood, hadn’t taken notice, hadn’t adjusted. Inevitable, then, that his continued naïveté—in the form of barely veiled criticism of Stalin in correspondence subject to censorship review, as all correspondence in the U.S.S.R. was—should result in his arrest and conviction under that catchall of thoughtcrime, Article 58. ♦

更准确地说,是格列布对苏联经验中残酷真相的盲目,为我父亲生命中那个可以预见的实际结局埋下了伏笔:他差一点就被革命的轮子“碾成肉酱”——但他没有理解,没有察觉,没有调整。于是不可避免的是,他持续的天真——表现为在信件中对斯大林几乎不加掩饰的批评,而这些信件和苏联所有通信一样要经过审查——最终导致他依据那个包罗万象的思想罪条款,即第五十八条,遭到逮捕和定罪。 ♦

2 free previews left — register to get 30 translations a month