The Sporting Scene

The World Cup Is Not for Sale

世界杯是非卖品
Gianni Infantino’s private-equity scheme backfired—but the commodification of soccer is already well under way.
因凡蒂诺的私募股权计划适得其反——但足球的商品化早已悄然展开。
August 1, 2026
A photograph of Gianni Infantino at the 2026 World Cup final.
Photograph by Johnny Fidelin / Icon Sport / Sipa USA / Reuters

Remember the World Cup? The Germans at the IHOPs, the Koreans in sombreros, the spirit of Cabo Verde, and Lionel Messi’s tears? Remember the growing ambitions of the U.S. men’s national team, or Erling Haaland’s headers, or the mastery of Rodrigo in the Spanish midfield? Remember the sense, however begrudging, that FIFA—despite its crass commercialism, its many missteps, and its well-documented history of venality; despite even the blasphemy of hydration breaks during World Cup games—might have been at least a little bit right about one thing, that soccer unites the world?

还记得世界杯吗?IHOP餐厅里的德国球迷,头戴墨西哥宽边帽的韩国人,佛得角的精神,还有梅西的眼泪?还记得美国男足日益增长的雄心,哈兰德的头球,或是西班牙中场罗德里的大师级表现?还记得那种感觉吗——不管多么不情愿——国际足联尽管充斥着赤裸的商业主义、诸多失误和记录在案的贪腐史,甚至冒天下之大不韪在世界杯比赛中设置补水暂停,但至少有一件事它或许说对了一点点:足球让世界团结在一起?

No?

Me neither. At least not after hearing about the FIFA president Gianni Infantino’s proposal to spin off FIFA’s commercial rights into a for-profit company and then sell a twenty-per-cent stake in the new entity to private investors. In exchange for their support of the capital raise, the proposal suggested, FIFA’s two hundred and eleven member federations would receive forty million dollars each from the windfall to turbocharge the sport’s development. The detail that the private-equity company he had in mind to lead the sale, Thrive Capital, was founded by the brother of Donald Trump’s son-in-law was as perfect as it was predictable.

我也记不得了。至少在听到国际足联主席詹尼·因凡蒂诺的提议之后,就再也记不得了。他计划将国际足联的商业权利分拆成一家营利性公司,然后将新实体百分之二十的股份出售给私人投资者。该提议称,作为对这次融资的支持,国际足联的211个会员协会将各自从这笔意外之财中获得四千万美元,以推动足球运动的发展。他心目中主导这笔交易的私募股权公司是Thrive Capital,而这家公司的创始人正是唐纳德·特朗普女婿的弟弟——这个细节既堪称完美,又毫不令人意外。

Then again, maybe Infantino pulled off a neat trick after all: the world united impressively to denounce his plan. The idea of putting the World Cup up for sale was too rich even for people who’d rubber-stamped awarding the 2034 event to Saudi Arabia. “The soul and governance of football are not assets to trade,” Europe’s governing body, UEFA, said in a statement, and announced a unanimous decision to boycott all FIFA events, including the World Cup, until the proposal was withdrawn. CONCACAF, which represents North American, Central American, and Caribbean federations, added its opposition. The A.F.C., comprising Asia’s federations, protested the process by which the plans had been made—if it can even be called a process in the first place. “It is the project of one person,” Kevin Lamour, FIFA’s chief operating officer, wrote in a statement to the Associated Press on Friday. Everyone had been “deceived,” he said—not only the public but also FIFA’s own administration. “This lie by omission over many months and this unilateral exercise of power are not trivial. They are indicative of a lack of trust, a lack of transparency, a lack of discernment, a lack of good governance. And a serious lack of respect.” In protest, Infantino’s senior adviser, Carlos Cordeiro, who was instrumental in the planning of this summer’s World Cup, announced his resignation.

不过话说回来,因凡蒂诺或许终究还是玩了一手漂亮的把戏:世界惊人地团结起来,共同谴责他的计划。将世界杯挂牌出售的想法,即便是对那些曾草率批准将2034年赛事主办权授予沙特阿拉伯的人来说,也太过分了。“足球的灵魂和治理不是可供交易的资产,”欧洲足球管理机构欧足联在一份声明中表示,并宣布一致决定抵制包括世界杯在内的所有国际足联赛事,直到该提议被撤回。代表北美、中美和加勒比地区会员协会的中北美及加勒比海足联也加入了反对行列。由亚洲各会员协会组成的亚足联,则对制定这些计划的过程提出了抗议——如果这从一开始就能被称作一个过程的话。“这是一个人的项目,”国际足联首席运营官凯文·拉穆尔在周五给美联社的一份声明中写道。他说,所有人都被“欺骗”了——不仅是公众,还包括国际足联自己的行政部门。“这种长达数月的隐瞒式谎言和单方面行使权力的行为绝非小事。它们表明了信任的缺失、透明度的缺失、判断力的缺失、善治的缺失。以及尊重的严重缺失。”为表抗议,因凡蒂诺的高级顾问卡洛斯·科代罗宣布辞职。科代罗在筹划今年夏天的世界杯中发挥了关键作用。

Some of the opposition was to be expected. UEFA, which is richer than FIFA, never passes up a chance to condescend to Infantino. Cordeiro, for his part, used to work at Goldman Sachs; he can count the money already piling up in FIFA’s coffers, and presumably he knows better than to trust the claim that even a passive private-equity investment promises to be a no-risk, no-involvement long-term deal. The plan was “mortgaging football’s future,” he said when he resigned. Still, the outcry—and the lack of outspoken public support even from those federations and allies that Infantino has made a show of propping up—had unusual force and breadth.

部分反对声音在意料之中。比国际足联更富有的欧足联,从不放过任何一个对因凡蒂诺居高临下的机会。至于科代罗,他曾在高盛工作;他算得清国际足联金库里已经堆积如山的钱,想必他也清楚,不该轻信那种声称即便是被动的私募股权投资,也能保证是一笔无风险、不干涉的长期交易的说法。他在辞职时表示,该计划是在“抵押足球的未来”。尽管如此,这次强烈的抗议——以及即便是因凡蒂诺一直公开扶持的那些会员协会和盟友也缺乏公开支持——其力度和广度都非同寻常。

By Friday night, the scheme was dead. Infantino’s office released a statement withdrawing the plan. “Having listened carefully to all the views, it has become clear that the project has created divisions of a nature that, regardless of the level of support, are no longer in the interest of the objective set out in the first place,” the statement said.

到周五晚上,该计划宣告流产。因凡蒂诺的办公室发表声明,撤回了这项计划。声明称:“在认真听取了所有意见后,情况已经明朗,该项目造成的分歧,无论其支持程度如何,都已不再符合最初设定的目标利益。”

It was assumed that Infantino would run for reëlection as FIFA’s president unopposed; now he’ll probably have a fight on his hands. That’s for the good. But as for the soul of football? Its defenders will have to do better than making Infantino squirm. The sport is already awash in cash from petrocratic sovereign funds. It caters to autocrats; it is plagued by racism; it’s threatened by climate change. (Whatever the financial incentives behind those hydration breaks, some of them seemed necessary.)

人们原本以为因凡蒂诺会毫无悬念地连任国际足联主席;现在他恐怕要面临一场硬仗了。这是好事。但至于足球的灵魂呢?它的捍卫者们光让因凡蒂诺难堪是远远不够的。这项运动早已充斥着来自石油独裁国家主权基金的金钱。它迎合独裁者;它饱受种族主义困扰;它受到气候变化的威胁。(无论那些补水暂停背后有什么经济诱因,其中一些看起来确实是必要的。)

It’s easy, and quite convenient right now, to blame FIFA’s greed for all this. But it didn’t invent the scheme. Professional teams and leagues all over have been eager to access capital from outside investors, whatever the cost to sports’ gauzy ideals. Private equity even has a solid foothold in college sports now. Everything seems to be for sale, and has been for some time: teams, players, luxury stadium boxes, patches on kits, stadium signage. And perhaps more.

现在,把这一切归咎于国际足联的贪婪,是件很容易,也相当方便的事。但这个计划并非国际足联的发明。世界各地的职业球队和联赛一直热衷于从外部投资者那里获取资本,无论这对体育那些虚无缥缈的理想造成了多大的代价。私募股权如今甚至已在大学体育界站稳了脚跟。一切似乎都在出售,而且已经持续了一段时间:球队、球员、豪华包厢、球衣上的广告、球场标牌。或许还不止这些。

One thing I can’t forget from this summer’s World Cup is Kalshi’s marketing blitz. The prediction market was hardly the only company to plaster its logo on every available surface. It wasn’t even the only company to deploy Timothée Chalamet in coy ways. But as the tournament wore on, it became hard to escape the Kalshiness of the whole thing. Most days during the World Cup, a publicity e-mail would land in my inbox, alerting me to the latest legend who’d signed on with Kalshi: Messi, Luka Modrić. Then came the e-mails reporting the latest trading volume: $6.67 billion, then $14.6 billion, then, finally, twenty-six billion—or roughly seven times the G.D.P. of Cabo Verde.

关于今年夏天的世界杯,有一件事我无法忘记,那就是Kalshi的营销闪电战。这家预测市场远非唯一一家在所有可用表面上贴满自己标识的公司。它甚至不是唯一一家以暧昧方式启用蒂莫西·柴勒梅德的公司。但随着赛事的推进,整件事的“Kalshi味儿”变得难以逃避。世界杯期间的大多数日子里,都会有一封宣传邮件落入我的收件箱,提醒我又有哪位传奇人物与Kalshi签约了:梅西、卢卡·莫德里奇。接着是报告最新交易量的邮件:66.7亿美元,然后是146亿美元,最后是260亿美元——大约是佛得角国内生产总值的七倍。

Three million new users downloaded the Kalshi app during the World Cup. Exactly what they were doing when they opened it up is a question I’ll leave to the courts. (On Friday, the State of New York sued Kalshi, accusing it of running an “illegal gambling operation”; Kalshi, which classifies the service it provides as commodities trading, insists that it is not.) But the effect it has on the experience of following an event, the commodification of attention, and the real-time intensity of having a stake in the game is of a piece with what gambling provides. The World Cup might not be for sale any longer. But the very thing that makes sports common and meaningful—hope—appears to be. Which is the bigger problem? ♦

世界杯期间,有300万新用户下载了Kalshi应用程序。他们打开应用时到底在做什么,这个问题我将留给法院去判断。(周五,纽约州起诉了Kalshi,指控其经营“非法赌博业务”;Kalshi将其提供的服务归类为大宗商品交易,坚称并非赌博。)但它对关注赛事体验所产生的影响,对注意力的商品化,以及在比赛中拥有切身利益所带来的实时刺激感,与赌博所提供的如出一辙。世界杯或许不再是待价而沽的商品了。但恰恰是让体育变得共通而有意义的东西——希望——似乎正在被出售。哪个才是更大的问题?♦

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